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Auxiliary verbs - so / neither
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FormGeneral usage
Auxiliaries follow the grammar of the statement
Nor or neither?
Pronunciation of neither
Replies when you do not have something in common
Quizzes for auxiliary verbs - so / neither
Resource index for auxiliary verbs - so / neither
Form
so + auxiliary + subject
neither (or nor) + auxiliary + subject
neither (or nor) + auxiliary + subject
General usage
We can use so / neither / nor with an auxiliary to show that people have something in common
(something is the same about them).
'I'm looking forward to the picnic.'
'So am I.'
The statement is grammatically positive, so we replay with So. 'I haven't seen Paul today.'
'Neither have I.
The statement is grammatically negative, so we replay with Neither or Nor. Tim wants to go and so does Janet.
Mandy's not going on the trip and neither is Sue.
(something is the same about them).
So / neither / nor in short answers
'So am I.'
The statement is grammatically positive, so we replay with So.
'Neither have I.
The statement is grammatically negative, so we replay with Neither or Nor.
Statements comparing people
Mandy's not going on the trip and neither is Sue.
Auxiliaries follow the grammar of the statement
When used for short replies, the auxiliaries after so, neither or nor are the same as those in statement.
'We're going home.' Present continuous. Auxiliary: be.
'So am I.' 'I was looking forward to the party.' Past continuous. Auxiliary: be (past).
'So was I.' 'Tina's finished.' Present perfect. Auxiliary: have.
'So have I.' 'I'd never seen her before.' Past perfect. Auxiliary: have (past).
'Neither had I.' 'I'll have an orange juice.' Modal auxiliary: will.
'So will I.' 'I'd like to go.' Modal auxiliary: would.
'So would I.' 'I can't swim.' Modal auxiliary can.
'Neither can I.'
Simple tenses - present simple and past simple - do not use auxiliaries in positive statements. 'I live in London.' Present simple.
'So do I.'
We use the auxiliary do in the reply. I played football yesterday. Past simple
'So did I.'
We use the auxiliary did in the reply.
Statements with auxiliaries
'So am I.'
'So was I.'
'So have I.'
'Neither had I.'
'So will I.'
'So would I.'
'Neither can I.'
Positive statements with simple tenses
'So do I.'
We use the auxiliary do in the reply.
'So did I.'
We use the auxiliary did in the reply.
Nor or neither?
There is no difference in meaning. 'I don't want to go.'
'Neither do I.'
'Nor do I.'
'Neither do I.'
'Nor do I.'
Pronunciation of neither
The first syllable in the word neither 'nei-' can be pronounced in two ways. nei- rhymes with eye. This is more common in British English.
nei-rhymes with see. This is more common in American English.
nei-rhymes with see. This is more common in American English.
When you do not have something in common
As we have seen, we can reply with so / neither / nor + auxiliary +I when we have something in common with someone.
'I like this cheesecake.'
'So do I.' If we want to make it clear that we are different, other short answers are used.
'I thought the film was quite boring.'
'Oh, I didn't. I really liked it.'
The second speaker gives a short answer with an auxiliary I didn't and a short explanation. 'I don't like this music.'
'Really? I do. I like heavy metal.'
'I like this cheesecake.'
'So do I.'
'I thought the film was quite boring.'
'Oh, I didn't. I really liked it.'
The second speaker gives a short answer with an auxiliary I didn't and a short explanation.
'Really? I do. I like heavy metal.'
ESL quizzes for auxiliary verbs - so / neither